In an indirect ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), the presence of specific antibodies is detected through a multi-step process. Antigen is bound to the surface of a well. The sample potentially containing the antibody of interest is then added. If the antibody is present, it binds to the antigen. A secondary antibody, conjugated to an enzyme, is then added. This secondary antibody specifically targets the primary antibody. Finally, a substrate is introduced, which reacts with the enzyme to produce a detectable signal, typically a color change. A detectable signal indicates the presence of the target antibody in the original sample.
The detection of these antibodies is crucial in various diagnostic applications, including identifying infections, autoimmune diseases, and allergies. Historically, ELISA methods have revolutionized diagnostics by offering a sensitive and specific approach, often replacing more time-consuming and less precise techniques. The development of this methodology has significantly impacted healthcare, facilitating earlier and more accurate diagnoses, which ultimately contributes to better patient outcomes.
