Bone loss, leading to decreased bone density and increased fracture risk, arises from an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Several factors contribute to this imbalance, including hormonal changes (particularly estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women), inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake, certain medical conditions and medications, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle choices such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
Understanding the underlying causes of diminished bone mass is critical for effective prevention and treatment. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly reduce the risk of fractures, which can lead to disability, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Research into the mechanisms of bone loss has led to advancements in therapies, ranging from lifestyle modifications to medications that target specific pathways involved in bone metabolism.
