A guide for determining the worth of pre-owned agricultural machinery, similar to the Kelley Blue Book for automobiles, provides estimated pricing based on factors like make, model, year, condition, and hours of operation. For example, a well-maintained, low-hour tractor from a reputable manufacturer will typically command a higher price than an older, high-hour model with significant wear and tear.
This type of resource offers crucial information for both buyers and sellers in the used agricultural equipment market. It allows sellers to establish competitive and fair pricing, while empowering buyers to make informed purchase decisions and avoid overpaying. Historically, access to reliable pricing data for used tractors and other agricultural equipment was limited. These guides emerged to address this information gap, bringing greater transparency and efficiency to the market.
Understanding the factors that influence equipment valuation, accessing dependable pricing resources, and learning how to effectively utilize these tools are key aspects of navigating the used tractor market. The following sections will explore these topics in greater detail, providing practical advice and insights for both buyers and sellers.
1. Make/Model
The make and model of a tractor are foundational to its valuation in a used equipment guide. These designations represent the manufacturer and specific tractor series, directly influencing perceived quality, performance characteristics, and market demand, all of which contribute to the overall price.
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Brand Recognition and Reputation
Established brands like John Deere, Case IH, and New Holland often command higher values due to their reputation for reliability and performance. This brand recognition translates into greater demand and consequently higher resale values, even for older models. Conversely, less-known brands might offer similar functionality but struggle to achieve the same price point.
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Model-Specific Features and Capabilities
Within a single brand, different models cater to various needs and applications. A compact utility tractor designed for smaller properties will have a different value compared to a high-horsepower row-crop tractor. Factors like horsepower, transmission type, hydraulic capacity, and technological features directly influence a model’s value within the broader market.
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Availability of Parts and Service
The accessibility of parts and service plays a significant role in determining used tractor values. Models with readily available parts and a robust service network tend to hold their value better. Conversely, models with discontinued parts or limited service options may experience depreciation due to potential maintenance challenges.
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Market Demand and Supply
Current market trends and regional preferences heavily influence the valuation of specific makes and models. High demand for a particular model coupled with limited supply can drive prices up, while low demand and oversupply can lead to lower valuations. This dynamic interplay of market forces necessitates careful consideration of current market conditions.
Therefore, understanding the interplay of brand reputation, model-specific features, parts availability, and market dynamics is essential for accurately assessing the value of a used tractor. Consulting a used equipment guide, considering comparable sales data, and seeking expert opinions can further refine the valuation process, ensuring a fair and accurate price assessment based on make and model.
2. Year of Manufacture
Year of manufacture significantly influences used tractor valuations. Newer tractors generally command higher prices due to less accumulated wear, more advanced technology, and remaining warranty coverage. A 2022 model, for example, would likely be valued higher than a comparable 2012 model, assuming similar condition and usage. This reflects the market’s preference for newer equipment with potentially lower maintenance costs and greater technological capabilities. Conversely, older tractors experience depreciation, reflecting accumulated wear, technological obsolescence, and potentially higher maintenance requirements. However, exceptionally well-maintained older models from desirable manufacturers can retain value better than poorly maintained newer models. The year of manufacture provides a crucial baseline for assessing value, but must be considered in conjunction with other factors.
Depreciation rates vary depending on the tractor’s initial quality, maintenance history, and market demand. A robustly built tractor from a reputable manufacturer, consistently maintained, might depreciate slower than a less durable model with a spotty maintenance record. Market dynamics also play a crucial role. High demand for specific older models due to their reliability or suitability for particular tasks can mitigate typical depreciation. Understanding these factors allows for more accurate valuation based on the year of manufacture. For example, a well-maintained, classic tractor in high demand might command a premium despite its age, defying typical depreciation patterns.
Accurately assessing a used tractor’s value requires careful consideration of its year of manufacture in conjunction with other factors like condition, hours of use, and market demand. While newer models generally hold higher value, exceptions exist for well-maintained older models from reputable brands or those with high demand in specific market segments. Utilizing equipment valuation guides, consulting expert opinions, and researching comparable sales data contribute to informed valuation decisions based on the interplay of year of manufacture and other critical factors.
3. Hours of Use
Hours of use represent a critical factor in assessing the value of used tractors, akin to mileage on a car. This metric provides a quantifiable measure of wear and tear, directly impacting the equipment’s expected lifespan, maintenance requirements, and overall value as reflected in valuation guides.
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Relationship Between Hours and Value
Lower hours generally translate to higher value. A tractor with fewer operating hours suggests less wear on components, potentially reducing future maintenance costs and increasing the remaining useful life. This is a primary consideration when consulting valuation resources. For instance, a 5-year-old tractor with 500 hours will typically be valued higher than a similar model of the same age with 2,000 hours. This difference reflects the market’s recognition of lower operating hours as an indicator of reduced wear.
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Impact on Maintenance and Lifespan
Higher operating hours often indicate increased wear and tear on engine components, transmission, hydraulic systems, and other critical parts. This typically translates to higher maintenance costs and potentially a shorter remaining lifespan. A tractor with significantly higher hours than average for its age might require more frequent repairs and replacements, impacting its overall value. This is a crucial factor considered in used equipment valuations, especially when comparing similar models of different ages and usage.
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Usage Type and Hour Interpretation
The type of work performed by the tractor influences how hours of use should be interpreted. Heavy-duty applications, like continuous plowing or loader work, put more stress on components compared to lighter tasks like mowing. Therefore, 1,000 hours of heavy-duty use might represent more wear than 2,000 hours of light-duty use. Understanding the tractor’s work history is vital for accurate valuation. This context helps discern the true impact of operating hours on the machine’s condition.
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Hour Meter Accuracy and Reliability
The accuracy of the hour meter is paramount. Tampering or malfunction can misrepresent actual usage. Verification through maintenance records and a thorough inspection are crucial. A discrepancy between reported hours and the machine’s physical condition warrants further investigation. Accurate hour readings are essential for reliable valuations. Buyers and sellers must exercise due diligence in verifying the hour meter’s integrity to ensure accurate value assessment.
Therefore, hours of use provide a significant data point when assessing used tractor values. However, this metric must be interpreted in conjunction with other factors, such as maintenance history, usage type, and overall condition, to arrive at a comprehensive and accurate valuation. Relying solely on hours without considering these additional elements can lead to misinformed decisions. A holistic approach, combining hours of use with other key factors, provides a more reliable assessment of a used tractor’s value within the context of established valuation resources.
4. Condition (Excellent)
The “Excellent” condition designation within a used tractor valuation guide represents the highest tier of preservation and functionality. This classification signifies minimal wear, meticulous maintenance, and optimal operational performance. Tractors achieving this rating command premium prices, reflecting their desirability in the used equipment market. This premium stems from the reduced risk of immediate repairs, longer anticipated lifespan, and potential for higher resale value. For example, a late-model tractor with low hours and documented maintenance history demonstrating consistent care would likely qualify for an “Excellent” rating, significantly impacting its valuation compared to a similar model with a less-maintained history. Understanding the criteria for this top-tier condition helps buyers recognize value and sellers maximize returns.
Several key factors contribute to a tractor achieving an “Excellent” condition rating. These typically include a pristine exterior free from significant cosmetic damage, a fully functional and well-maintained engine, transmission, and hydraulic system, and updated maintenance records demonstrating adherence to manufacturer recommendations. Absence of leaks, unusual noises, or mechanical issues further solidify this designation. A clean, well-maintained interior, including undamaged upholstery and functional controls, contributes to the overall impression of meticulous care. For instance, a tractor with a recently rebuilt engine, new tires, and a documented history of regular fluid changes would likely qualify for the “Excellent” category, justifying a higher price point in the used market. This meticulous care not only preserves the machine but also adds value in the eyes of discerning buyers seeking reliable equipment.
Recognizing the attributes of “Excellent” condition and its impact on valuation empowers both buyers and sellers. Buyers benefit from understanding the justification for premium pricing, while sellers gain insights into maximizing their equipment’s resale value through diligent maintenance and record-keeping. Challenges arise when subjective assessments of “Excellent” condition differ between individuals. Consulting detailed descriptions within valuation guides and seeking expert opinions can help mitigate these discrepancies. Ultimately, accurately assessing condition facilitates informed decisions, contributing to a more transparent and efficient used tractor market. This understanding fosters trust and enables fair transactions based on clearly defined condition standards.
5. Condition (Good)
The “Good” condition designation in a used tractor valuation guide represents a tier below “Excellent,” indicating a level of functionality and preservation suitable for most farming operations. Tractors in “Good” condition exhibit some wear and tear commensurate with age and usage but remain fully operational and reliable. This condition balances affordability with practicality, making it a popular choice for buyers seeking a cost-effective option without compromising functionality. Valuation guides typically reflect this balance, positioning “Good” condition tractors below “Excellent” in pricing but above “Fair” and “Poor,” recognizing the remaining useful life and operational capability. For example, a tractor with average hours for its age, some minor cosmetic imperfections, and evidence of regular maintenance would likely fall into the “Good” category, offering a practical and cost-effective solution for many farming needs.
Several factors contribute to a tractor achieving a “Good” condition rating. These include a generally sound mechanical condition, with all major systems functioning as intended, despite potential minor leaks or wear-related issues. Cosmetic imperfections, such as minor dents, scratches, or faded paint, are acceptable within this category, reflecting normal usage. Maintenance records may not be as comprehensive as those for “Excellent” tractors but should indicate essential servicing. Tires and other wear items may exhibit some wear but should possess sufficient remaining life for continued operation. For instance, a tractor with a slightly worn seat, minor oil leaks, and average tire wear would likely fall within the “Good” condition category. This condition represents a practical compromise between optimal condition and cost-effectiveness, making it a viable option for buyers prioritizing functionality over pristine aesthetics.
Understanding the nuances of the “Good” condition rating empowers both buyers and sellers. Buyers can anticipate a balance between price and performance, while sellers can accurately represent their equipment’s value within the used market. Challenges arise when subjective interpretations of “Good” condition differ between parties. Consulting detailed descriptions within valuation guides and seeking expert opinions can help bridge these gaps. A clear understanding of the “Good” condition designation facilitates informed decision-making, promotes transparency, and contributes to a more efficient used tractor market, ensuring fair transactions based on shared expectations. This shared understanding builds trust and fosters smoother transactions within the used equipment marketplace.
6. Condition (Fair)
The “Fair” condition designation within a used tractor valuation guide signifies a level of wear and tear exceeding that of “Good” condition, yet the tractor remains functional. This classification typically represents equipment nearing the end of its serviceable lifespan or requiring more significant repairs to achieve optimal performance. “Fair” condition tractors often attract buyers seeking the lowest possible purchase price, accepting the potential for increased maintenance costs and reduced operational efficiency. Valuation guides reflect this trade-off, placing “Fair” condition tractors at a lower price point compared to “Good” or “Excellent” counterparts. This lower valuation acknowledges the higher risk of repairs, potentially shorter remaining lifespan, and decreased reliability compared to better-maintained equipment. For instance, a tractor with high hours, noticeable mechanical wear, and requiring some repairs to function optimally would typically fall into the “Fair” condition category, offering a budget-conscious entry point into tractor ownership despite the inherent risks. This balance of cost and condition caters to a specific segment of the used tractor market prioritizing affordability over long-term reliability.
Several characteristics define a “Fair” condition tractor. These include noticeable wear on major components, potential mechanical issues requiring attention, cosmetic damage beyond minor imperfections, and potentially incomplete maintenance records. While the tractor remains functional, it may exhibit reduced performance, require more frequent repairs, and offer a shorter remaining lifespan compared to tractors in better condition. Tires and other wear items often require replacement or refurbishment. Evidence of previous repairs, such as welds or patched components, may be apparent. For example, a tractor with a worn clutch, leaking hydraulics, and significant tire wear would typically fall within “Fair” condition, indicating the need for repairs and reflecting its lower value within the used equipment market. This condition represents a trade-off between initial cost and anticipated maintenance expenses, making it suitable for buyers with mechanical aptitude and a willingness to invest in repairs.
Understanding the implications of “Fair” condition is crucial for both buyers and sellers. Buyers should carefully assess the extent of repairs needed and factor potential maintenance costs into their budget. Sellers must accurately represent the tractor’s condition to avoid disputes and ensure a fair transaction. “Fair” condition represents a specific niche within the used tractor market, catering to buyers prioritizing affordability over pristine condition. Recognizing the implications of this designation, including potential repair costs and reduced lifespan, empowers both buyers and sellers to make informed decisions and navigate the complexities of the used equipment market effectively. This understanding fosters transparency and promotes realistic expectations, facilitating smoother transactions within the used tractor market segment focused on cost-conscious acquisitions.
7. Condition (Poor)
The “Poor” condition designation within a used tractor valuation guide represents the lowest tier of functionality and desirability. This classification signifies substantial wear and tear, potentially significant mechanical issues, and a limited remaining operational lifespan. Tractors in “Poor” condition often require extensive repairs to restore basic functionality and typically attract buyers seeking parts or project tractors. Valuation guides reflect this diminished utility, assigning the lowest price points to “Poor” condition tractors. This low valuation acknowledges the high risk of significant repairs, potentially extensive parts replacement, and the likelihood of a short remaining operational life. For instance, a tractor with a seized engine, severely damaged body panels, and missing or non-functional components would typically fall into the “Poor” condition category, representing a salvage value rather than a functional agricultural machine. This condition caters to a niche market segment focused on parts retrieval or ambitious restoration projects. Understanding the implications of “Poor” condition is critical for accurate valuation and informed decision-making in the used tractor market.
Several factors contribute to a “Poor” condition rating. These include major mechanical problems, such as a non-running engine or a damaged transmission, extensive cosmetic damage, missing parts, and a general state of disrepair. These tractors might be non-functional or require extensive and costly repairs to restore basic operation. Safety concerns often accompany this condition, necessitating thorough inspections before any attempted use. The value of a “Poor” condition tractor often lies primarily in its salvageable parts, which can be used for repairs or refurbishment of other machines. For example, a tractor with a rusted-out frame, a non-functional PTO, and severely worn tires exemplifies “Poor” condition, indicating its suitability primarily for parts harvesting. This condition represents the lowest end of the used tractor market, attracting buyers seeking specific components or undertaking extensive restoration projects. Recognizing these characteristics is crucial for accurate valuation and informed decision-making.
Accurately assessing and representing “Poor” condition tractors is essential for both buyers and sellers. Buyers must carefully evaluate the extent of damage and repair costs, recognizing the inherent risks associated with this condition. Sellers need to provide a transparent and honest representation of the tractor’s state to avoid potential disputes. “Poor” condition tractors occupy a specific niche within the used equipment market. Recognizing the implications of this designation, including potential safety hazards and the likelihood of extensive repairs, empowers both buyers and sellers to make informed decisions and navigate the complexities of this specialized market segment effectively. This shared understanding fosters transparency and promotes realistic expectations, crucial for navigating the challenges and potential risks associated with “Poor” condition used tractors.
8. Regional Adjustments
Regional adjustments play a crucial role in accurately valuing used tractors, reflecting how local market conditions influence pricing within a broader valuation framework. Geographic variations in supply and demand, local economic factors, and even climate patterns contribute to price discrepancies for the same tractor model in different locations. A region with a surplus of used tractors might experience lower prices compared to a region with high demand and limited supply. Similarly, robust local agricultural economies can drive up demand and prices, while economic downturns might lead to lower valuations. For example, a used orchard tractor in high demand within a fruit-growing region might command a premium compared to the same model in a region focused on row crops. This regional nuance highlights the importance of considering local market dynamics in conjunction with broader valuation guidelines.
Practical application of regional adjustments requires accessing market-specific data. Consulting regional equipment auctions, dealer inventories, and online classifieds provides insights into local pricing trends. Valuation guides often incorporate regional adjustment factors, expressed as percentages above or below a baseline value. Understanding these adjustments allows buyers and sellers to refine pricing expectations based on their specific location. For instance, a valuation guide might indicate a +5% adjustment for a specific tractor model in a region with high demand, signifying that the expected value is 5% higher than the baseline value provided in the guide. This localized data refines the valuation process, ensuring accuracy and relevance to the specific market dynamics at play. Failure to incorporate regional adjustments can lead to inaccurate valuations, potentially disadvantaging either the buyer or the seller in a transaction.
Incorporating regional adjustments enhances the accuracy and practicality of used tractor valuations. This localized perspective recognizes the influence of geographic factors on market dynamics and pricing, offering a more nuanced understanding of equipment value beyond generalized assessments. Utilizing regional data empowers buyers and sellers to make informed decisions based on market-specific conditions, promoting transparency and fairness within the used tractor market. Challenges arise in accessing reliable regional data and interpreting variations across different markets. Consulting multiple data sources and seeking expert opinions within specific regions helps mitigate these challenges, ensuring a more comprehensive and accurate valuation process tailored to local market realities.
9. Optional Features
Optional features significantly influence used tractor valuations, impacting pricing within established valuation resources. These additions enhance functionality, versatility, and operator comfort, increasing a tractor’s desirability and subsequent market value. Understanding the impact of optional features is crucial for both buyers and sellers navigating the used equipment market.
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Front-End Loaders
Front-end loaders substantially increase a tractor’s utility, enabling material handling capabilities beyond basic agricultural tasks. This versatility translates to higher demand and increased value, particularly for properties requiring snow removal, landscaping, or loading operations. A used tractor equipped with a front-end loader typically commands a higher price than a comparable model without this feature, reflecting its enhanced functionality and broader appeal within the used market. The condition and functionality of the loader itself also factor into the valuation, with well-maintained loaders contributing more value compared to those requiring repairs or exhibiting significant wear.
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Cabs
Cabs provide operator comfort and protection from the elements, increasing productivity and extending the operational season. Used tractors equipped with cabs, especially those with climate control features like heating and air conditioning, are generally valued higher than open-station models. This price difference reflects the enhanced operator experience and the ability to work comfortably in various weather conditions, increasing the tractor’s usability and overall value. The cab’s condition, including the integrity of glass, climate control functionality, and overall interior preservation, influences its contribution to the tractor’s valuation.
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GPS and Precision Farming Technologies
Precision farming technologies, such as GPS guidance and auto-steer systems, enhance operational efficiency, reduce input costs, and optimize yields. Used tractors equipped with these technologies often command a premium, reflecting the growing adoption of precision agriculture practices. The functionality and sophistication of the installed systems play a crucial role in determining the value added. A fully integrated GPS system with auto-steer capabilities contributes more value than a basic GPS receiver. The increasing demand for precision farming technologies within the used tractor market drives higher valuations for models equipped with these features.
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Transmission Type
Transmission type, while not strictly an “optional feature,” represents a key differentiator influencing value. Tractors with more advanced transmissions, such as powershift or continuously variable transmissions (CVT), typically command higher prices than those with basic gear transmissions. These advanced transmissions offer improved efficiency, ease of operation, and precise speed control, enhancing the tractor’s overall performance and desirability. This preference for advanced transmissions reflects the increasing demand for operator comfort and productivity within the agricultural sector, directly impacting valuations in the used tractor market.
Accurately assessing the impact of optional features on used tractor values requires careful consideration of their functionality, condition, and market demand. Utilizing valuation guides specifically designed for agricultural equipment, researching comparable sales data, and consulting expert opinions help determine the value contribution of each feature. This nuanced approach ensures a comprehensive and accurate valuation reflecting the combined value of the base tractor and its optional features within the broader context of the used equipment market. This combined approach provides a more precise understanding of a tractor’s overall value and helps both buyers and sellers make informed decisions.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding used tractor valuation, providing clarity and guidance for both buyers and sellers.
Question 1: How often are these valuation resources updated to reflect current market conditions?
Valuation resources are typically updated regularly, often quarterly or even monthly, to reflect fluctuating market conditions, technological advancements, and seasonal influences on equipment demand. The frequency of updates ensures that the provided values remain relevant and accurately represent the current market landscape.
Question 2: What is the difference between a dealer’s asking price and the value presented in these guides?
Dealer asking prices often incorporate overhead costs, profit margins, and potential reconditioning expenses. These guides aim to provide a baseline market value, independent of dealer-specific pricing strategies. This distinction highlights the importance of using these guides as a reference point rather than an absolute determinant of transaction price.
Question 3: How should one account for unique or specialized attachments when valuing a used tractor?
Specialized attachments not commonly included in standard valuations require separate consideration. Researching comparable sales of similar attachments, consulting with equipment specialists, and considering the attachment’s condition and functionality help determine its contribution to the overall tractor value.
Question 4: Do these guides account for regional variations in pricing due to local market dynamics?
Many valuation resources incorporate regional adjustments to reflect local market conditions, including supply and demand fluctuations, economic factors, and even climate influences. These adjustments, often expressed as percentage modifiers, refine the baseline value to provide a more accurate reflection of regional pricing realities.
Question 5: How can one verify the accuracy of an hour meter reading on a used tractor?
Verifying hour meter accuracy requires reviewing maintenance records for consistency and comparing the reported hours with the overall condition of the tractor. Significant discrepancies between reported hours and apparent wear warrant further investigation. Consulting with a qualified mechanic can provide additional insights into the hour meter’s reliability and potential discrepancies.
Question 6: What role does documentation, such as maintenance records and ownership history, play in valuation?
Comprehensive documentation, including maintenance records, repair history, and ownership details, significantly enhances a tractor’s value. These records provide verifiable evidence of proper care and maintenance, reducing uncertainty for potential buyers and increasing confidence in the tractor’s reliability and potential lifespan.
Understanding these key aspects of used tractor valuation empowers both buyers and sellers to make informed decisions and navigate the used equipment market effectively. Accurate valuation promotes fair transactions, fosters transparency, and contributes to a more efficient marketplace.
Moving forward, the subsequent sections will delve into practical strategies for utilizing these valuation resources, negotiating effectively, and navigating the complexities of the used tractor market.
Tips for Utilizing Tractor Valuation Resources
Effectively leveraging tractor valuation resources requires a strategic approach. The following tips provide practical guidance for navigating the complexities of used tractor pricing.
Tip 1: Consult Multiple Sources
Relying on a single source can provide a limited perspective. Consulting multiple valuation guides, auction results, and dealer listings offers a more comprehensive understanding of market dynamics and pricing trends. This multifaceted approach mitigates potential biases and provides a more robust valuation.
Tip 2: Consider Condition Thoroughly
Condition significantly influences value. Thoroughly assess the tractor’s mechanical state, cosmetic appearance, and remaining lifespan of wear items. Accurate condition assessment ensures alignment between the chosen valuation category and the tractor’s actual state.
Tip 3: Factor in Regional Adjustments
Regional markets exhibit unique pricing dynamics. Incorporate regional adjustment factors provided within valuation resources or derived from local market data. This localized approach refines the valuation, ensuring relevance to specific geographic conditions.
Tip 4: Account for Optional Features
Optional features add value. Carefully document all installed options and assess their functionality. Utilize valuation guides to determine the value contribution of each feature, ensuring an accurate reflection of the tractor’s enhanced capabilities.
Tip 5: Verify Hour Meter Accuracy
Hour meter readings indicate usage and wear. Verify the meter’s accuracy by comparing readings with maintenance records and the tractor’s overall condition. Discrepancies warrant further investigation to ensure a reliable valuation.
Tip 6: Research Comparable Sales
Analyzing recent sales of similar tractors provides valuable market insights. Consider factors like make, model, year, condition, hours, and optional features when comparing sales data. This comparative analysis validates valuation estimates and provides a benchmark for market pricing.
Tip 7: Seek Expert Opinions
Consulting experienced mechanics, agricultural professionals, or equipment appraisers offers valuable perspectives. Expert opinions provide insights into specific tractor models, potential maintenance issues, and market trends, enhancing the valuation process.
By implementing these strategies, one can effectively utilize valuation resources to make informed decisions, negotiate effectively, and navigate the complexities of the used tractor market. Accurate valuations promote fair transactions, foster transparency, and contribute to a more efficient and reliable marketplace.
In conclusion, understanding the nuances of tractor valuation empowers both buyers and sellers. The following section summarizes key takeaways and offers final recommendations for successful navigation of the used tractor market.
Conclusion
Accurate valuation of used tractors requires a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing price. Make, model, year of manufacture, hours of use, condition, regional market dynamics, and optional features contribute significantly to a tractor’s market worth. Utilizing resources that compile this information, such as those akin to a “used tractor values blue book,” provides a crucial foundation for informed decision-making. Effective utilization of these resources involves consulting multiple sources, verifying information, and seeking expert opinions when necessary. Thorough due diligence ensures accurate valuations, benefiting both buyers and sellers.
The used tractor market relies on informed valuations for efficient transactions. Accurate pricing fosters transparency and fairness, benefiting all participants. As agricultural practices and technology evolve, so too will the methods and resources available for valuing used equipment. Staying informed about market trends and utilizing available resources remain essential for successful navigation of the used tractor market, ensuring equitable transactions and promoting the continued growth of the agricultural sector.
